英語單詞解析 賣火柴的小女孩
當你看完安徒生的童話故事<賣火柴的小女孩>(The Little Match Girl)時,你是否會因為小女孩的遭遇而一掬同情之淚?你也會因為戰(zhàn)爭傷害許多善良與無辜的人而對戰(zhàn)爭的「殘酷與荒謬」(cruelty and absurdity )感到憎惡痛絕嗎?
人是富于情感的動物,因此日常生活中用于表達心靈感受的字匯自然不少。英語用于描述感情的字匯中多半含有 "path" 與 "passi" 兩個字根。前者為希臘字根,含意較廣,出現(xiàn)的頻率也較高,其原意為「感情」(feeling),但人生不如意的事太多,使得人類心靈承受無數(shù)的痛苦,因此它也含有「痛苦」(suffering)之意;而痛苦如果無法排解,伴隨而來的就是疾病,因此 "path" 也含有「疾病」(disease)之意。至于 " passi"這個拉丁字根原指古代圣者殉道或殉教的受難,例如耶穌在十字架上的受難就稱為 "the Passion",因此 " passi"這個字根就是「痛苦、受難」(suffering)之意。由于殉道或殉教都屬于人類激烈感情的表達,所以時至今日,激情、激怒、熱情也稱為"passion"。
了解 "path"與 "passi" 的含意后,我們就很容易掌握下列用于呈現(xiàn)愛、恨、憎、惡等人類感情的字匯,例如:sympathy﹝ ﹞n.(together + feeling,同情);empathy﹝ ﹞n. ﹝in + feeling ,同感(因為自己也曾有類似經(jīng)驗)﹞;apathy﹝ ﹞n.(without + feeling,冷漠);antipathy﹝ ﹞n.(against + feeling反感;厭惡);telepathy﹝ ﹞n. (far + feeling,精神感應;傳心術);pathetic﹝ ﹞adj.(feeling,惹人憐的,可憐的); passion
﹝ ﹞n.(suffer,苦難,激情,熱情);compassion﹝ ﹞ n.(together + suffer,憐憫;同情);compassionate﹝ ﹞adj.(有同情心的);pathology﹝ ﹞n.(disease + study,病理學)。
最后,我們來看上述的這些表「情」語匯,如何在下列例句中展現(xiàn)它們的功能與表達情感的各種樣態(tài):
1. My great sympathy is with the victim's family.
我對受害者家屬深表同情。
2. I feel empathy for my unemployed friend.
我對我朋友的失業(yè)感同身受。
3. Can't you see public apathy about politics?
你看不出大眾對政治的冷漠嗎?
4. We share an antipathy to cheating on exams.
我們對考試作弊同感厭惡。
5. He can communicate with her by telepathy.
他能用心電感應與她溝通。
6. The puppy is so tiny and pathetic.
那小狗小得惹人愛憐。
7. I have a great passion for classical music.
我熱愛古典音樂。
8. The war aroused my compassion for the poor and hungry.
戰(zhàn)爭引起了我對貧窮饑餓者的憐憫。
9. She is tender and compassionate.
她溫柔又富有同情心。
10. He is doing a research in pathology.
他正在做一項病理研究。
作者:大學生新聞網(wǎng) 來源:大學生新聞網(wǎng)
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