英語單詞解說 鴉片
你可知道為什么主要成分為鴉片(opium)的止痛鎮(zhèn)靜劑「嗎啡」的英文名稱是 "morphine"嗎?這里要介紹一個有趣的希臘字根 "morph"﹝ ﹞ ,其意思為 "form, shape"(型態(tài),形狀)。它源自希臘神話中的『睡夢之神』(the god of dreams and sleep)Morpheus﹝ ﹞,因此當(dāng)我們說「她墜入夢鄉(xiāng)了」, 英文的說法是 "She is in the arms of Morpheus".神話中的Morpheus 掌理的不僅是人類的睡夢 , 祂也賦予我們睡夢中的人物各種不同的形體。因此,代表Morpheus的字根 "morph" 就是「型態(tài)」之意 , 而專門研究動植物型體的「型態(tài)學(xué)」或語言型態(tài)的「語型學(xué)」就是 "morphology"﹝ ﹞ n. (form+study)。而嗎啡的成分在進(jìn)入人體后 , 具有昏迷麻醉的(narcotic)﹝ ﹞a. 作用 , 使人猶如置身幻夢之境 , 因此嗎啡的英文名稱 "morphine"也就與睡夢之神Morpheus脫離不了關(guān)系 , 而且,任何足以催眠之物也稱為Morpheus。
明白 morph 的來源與含意之后 , 我們就很容易吸收下列含有 morph字根的相關(guān)字匯,例如:amorphous ﹝ ﹞adj.(without+ form 無形的);morphinism ﹝ ﹞n.(嗎啡中毒);morphinomaniac﹝ ﹞n.(morphine + mad) 嗎啡癮者; metamorphosis﹝ ﹞n.(change+form)蛻變,變形;metamorphose﹝ ﹞v.(變形,變質(zhì))。
然而,正確的英文學(xué)習(xí)是從文章、句子中去認(rèn)識語法與單字、成語的用法。與其認(rèn)識時個單字不如會運用一個單字,因此如能將上列習(xí)得的單字造出短句 [愈短愈好(The shorter, the better),便于記憶],這些字匯就會由了無生機的單字 metamorphose, 變成有血有肉、充滿生命的句子, 例如:
1. My report is still amorphous .
我的報告尚未成形。
2. He is a morphinomaniac, suffering from morphinism.
他是個嗎啡癮者,深受嗎啡中毒之害。
3. I saw his metamorphosis from a little boy into an adult.
我看著他由一個小男孩轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槌扇?
4. The witch metamorphosed the boy into a mouse.
那巫婆將男孩變成了老鼠.
作者:大學(xué)生新聞網(wǎng) 來源:大學(xué)生新聞網(wǎng)
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