墓園派詩(shī)人托馬斯·格雷是18世紀(jì)的英國(guó)詩(shī)歌大家，其代表作《墓園挽歌》常被解讀為“感傷主義”的代表作。詩(shī)中描繪了一種靜謐 、閑適的農(nóng)村田園生活，表現(xiàn)出詩(shī)人超然豁達(dá)的生死觀和淡泊名利的人生態(tài)度 ，其嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)母袷礁�展現(xiàn)出無(wú)窮的韻律美。用詩(shī)歌嘆盡死亡的真諦。
Thomas Gray - Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard《墓地挽歌》 雙語(yǔ)中英對(duì)照：
THE Curfew tolls the knell of parting day,
The lowing herd wind slowly o'er the lea,
The plowman homeward plods his weary way,
And leaves the world to darkness and to me.
沉沉暮鐘鳴，靄靄白日遠(yuǎn)，
牛群哞哞吟，草上逶迤緩，
犁人步履艱，疲憊把家返，
此世唯留下，黑暗作我伴。
Now fades the glimmering landscape on the sight,
And all the air a solemn stillness holds,
Save where the beetle wheels his droning flight,
And drowsy tinklings lull the distant folds;
山水方明滅，此時(shí)漸黯淡，
四周空氣緊，安靜似莊嚴(yán)，
唯有甲蟲飛，嗡嗡在盤旋，
昏昏鈴鐺響，遠(yuǎn)處羊群安。
Save that from yonder ivy-mantled tow'r
The moping owl does to the moon complain
Of such as, wand'ring near her secret bow'r,
Molest her ancient solitary reign.
唯有在那邊，高塔青藤滿，
憂郁貓頭鷹，對(duì)月發(fā)怨言，
怪他游蕩近，沖撞其閨苑，
多年獨(dú)處慣，如今遭冒犯。
Beneath those rugged elms, that yew-tree's shade,
Where heaves the turf in many a mould'ring heap,
Each in his narrow cell for ever laid,
The rude Forefathers of the hamlet sleep.
嶙峋榆樹(shù)下，紫杉投影暗，
堆堆腐朽上，草皮波浪翻，
各有狹窄間，永遠(yuǎn)躺里面，
小村粗鄙祖，其中享安眠。
The breezy call of incense-breathing Morn,
The swallow twitt'ring from the straw-built shed,
The cock's shrill clarion, or the echoing horn,
No more shall rouse them from their lowly bed.
清晨呼吸甜，微風(fēng)輕輕喚，
草泥窩巢邊，燕子聲呢喃，
雄雞嘹亮啼，獵人號(hào)角喧，
地下床上人，不可使其站。
For them no more the blazing hearth shall burn,
Or busy housewife ply her evening care:
No children run to lisp their sire's return,
Or climb his knees the envied kiss to share.
熊熊壁爐火，不再為其燃，
傍晚無(wú)家婦，忙碌弄衣飯，
亦無(wú)子女跑，咬舌念父返，
為得久盼吻，紛紛膝上攀。
Oft did the harvest to their sickle yield,
Their furrow oft the stubborn glebe has broke:
How jocund did they drive their team afield!
How bow'd the woods beneath their sturdy stroke!
每當(dāng)收獲季，鐮到莊稼斷，
土地任硬頑，犁至土壟翻，
田中驅(qū)牛馬，勞作何其歡，
揮斧奮力砍，眾樹(shù)把腰彎!
Let not Ambition mock their useful toil,
Their homely joys, and destiny obscure;
Nor Grandeur hear with a disdainful smile
The short and simple annals of the poor.
此等勞作用，平凡喜樂(lè)歡，
無(wú)名人生路，雄心切勿嘆，
窮人故事短，記錄亦簡(jiǎn)單，
偉大聽(tīng)后笑，勿將鄙夷含。
The boast of heraldry, the pomp of pow'r,
And all that beauty, all that wealth e'er gave,
Awaits alike th' inevitable hour:
The paths of glory lead but to the grave.
家族地位顯，權(quán)力盛極觀，
美貌與財(cái)富，眷顧縱無(wú)邊，
唯有那一時(shí)，無(wú)人可豁免，
繁華榮耀路，墳塋是終點(diǎn)。
Nor you, ye Proud, impute to These the fault,
If Memory o'er their Tomb no Trophies raise,
Where through the long-drawn aisle and fretted vault
The pealing anthem swells the note of praise.
汝等驕傲人，見(jiàn)此勿刁難，
墳頭缺碑像，無(wú)法引懷念，
教堂甬道長(zhǎng)，雕花穹頂間，
圣歌響亮久，贊美曲調(diào)滿。
Can storied urn or animated bust
Back to its mansion call the fleeting breath?
Can Honour's voice provoke the silent dust,
Or Flatt'ry soothe the dull cold ear of death?
棺槨雕生平，塑像留容顏，
魂魄悠悠去，能召回身轉(zhuǎn)?
榮勛若有聲，可引骨灰言?
死亡冷漠耳，頌贊豈可安?
Perhaps in this neglected spot is laid
Some heart once pregnant with celestial fire;
Hands, that the rod of empire might have sway'd,
Or waked to ecstasy the living lyre.
在此荒僻地，何人埋其間?
其心或充滿，浩蕩天國(guó)焰，
其手或可攬，帝國(guó)權(quán)杖桿，
或令世間琴，激情樂(lè)曲翻。
But Knowledge to their eyes her ample page
Rich with the spoils of time did ne'er unroll;
Chill Penury repress'd their noble rage,
And froze the genial current of the soul.
知識(shí)有萬(wàn)卷，卷卷充盈滿，
時(shí)光所收攬，未展于其眼，
窮窘寒風(fēng)吹，壯志熱情減，
雄心滔滔水，冰凍流不前。
Full many a gem of purest ray serene
The dark unfathom'd caves of ocean bear:
Full many a flower is born to blush unseen,
And waste its sweetness on the desert air.
幾多珠玉奇，葳蕤柔光閃，
惜埋深海里，萬(wàn)丈洞窟暗，
幾多鮮花艷，獨(dú)放無(wú)人看，
沙漠空氣中，芬芳徒消散。
Some village Hampden that with dauntless breast
The little tyrant of his fields withstood,
Some mute inglorious Milton here may rest,
Some Cromwell guiltless of his country's blood.
村中漢普登，勇武胸有膽，
當(dāng)?shù)匦”┚�，抗命他自敢�?br /> 無(wú)名彌爾頓，默默此地眠，
或稱克倫威，護(hù)國(guó)血不沾。
Th' applause of list'ning senates to command,
The threats of pain and ruin to despise,
To scatter plenty o'er a smiling land,
And read their history in a nation's eyes,
陳詞國(guó)是院，言畢掌聲喧，
痛苦與災(zāi)難，視之如等閑，
財(cái)貨錢糧散，河山盡開(kāi)顏，
舉國(guó)眾目下，豐功偉績(jī)念。
Their lot forbade: nor circumscribed alone
Their glowing virtues, but their crimes confined;
Forbade to wade through slaughter to a throne,
And shut the gates of mercy on mankind,
命運(yùn)未如此：非僅此遭蹇，
德行故難展，罪惡亦受限：
得免沃鮮血，殺戮通王權(quán)，
人間慈悲門，不會(huì)順手關(guān)。
The struggling pangs of conscious truth to hide,
To quench the blushes of ingenuous shame,
Or heap the shrine of Luxury and Pride
With incense kindled at the Muse's flame.
真理了然胸，藏之痛苦翻，
恥辱自發(fā)起，難消羞澀顏，
繆斯圣火焰，點(diǎn)點(diǎn)熏香燃，
驕奢祭壇前，齊齊堆放滿。
Far from the madding crowd's ignoble strife,
Their sober wishes never learn'd to stray;
Along the cool sequester'd vale of life
They kept the noiseless tenor of their way.
塵囂何紛繁，爭(zhēng)斗何微賤，
靜心又節(jié)欲，矢志塵爭(zhēng)遠(yuǎn)。
命中離世谷，從之清涼泛，
寂寂正道持，一生不違偏。
Yet ev'n these bones from insult to protect
Some frail memorial still erected nigh,
With uncouth rhymes and shapeless sculpture deck'd,
Implores the passing tribute of a sigh.
枯骨雖平凡，不可任笑談，
簡(jiǎn)樸碑與像，樹(shù)立在旁邊，
詞句笨且拙，雕塑形難堪，
卻把路人喚，且為輕聲嘆。
Their name, their years, spelt by th' unletter'd muse,
The place of fame and elegy supply:
And many a holy text around she strews,
That teach the rustic moralist to die.
粗陋繆斯刻，姓名生卒年，
事跡挽歌缺，空在內(nèi)容換：
其中她涂寫，諸多圣經(jīng)卷，
生死諸道理，教與鄉(xiāng)村漢。
For who, to dumb Forgetfulness a prey,
This pleasing anxious being e'er resign'd,
Left the warm precincts of the cheerful day,
Nor cast one longing ling'ring look behind?
沉默遺忘川，跌入故難免，
此生憂樂(lè)兼，放棄在一旦，
離開(kāi)溫暖界，辭去白日歡，
誰(shuí)人不纏綿，悵惘回首看?
On some fond breast the parting soul relies,
Some pious drops the closing eye requires;
Ev'n from the tomb the voice of Nature cries,
Ev'n in our Ashes live their wonted Fires.
魂魄雖已去，猶賴熱心肩，
若無(wú)字幾行，死者難閉眼;
即從墳?zāi)估�，靈魂出聲喊，
即在我灰中，其火慣常燃。
For thee, who, mindful of th' unhonour'd dead,
Dost in these lines their artless tale relate;
If chance, by lonely contemplation led,
Some kindred spirit shall inquire thy fate,
死者雖平凡，君不視等閑，
以詩(shī)句行行，講故事寡淡，
設(shè)若有一天，孤寂冥想牽，
有心類君者，將君命運(yùn)探，
Haply some hoary-headed Swain may say,
'Oft have we seen him at the peep of dawn
Brushing with hasty steps the dews away
To meet the sun upon the upland lawn.
白頭鄉(xiāng)村漢，或作如是言：
黎明頭初探，我常將他見(jiàn)，
急急腳步趕，晨露盡踏翻，
高坡草地去，為會(huì)太陽(yáng)面。
'There at the foot of yonder nodding beech
That wreathes its old fantastic roots so high,
His listless length at noontide would he stretch,
And pore upon the brook that babbles by.
遠(yuǎn)處山毛櫸，彎彎樹(shù)下邊，
古老奇異根，高高盤花環(huán)，
近午身體倦，他常躺伸展，
小河汩汩流，凝視眼不轉(zhuǎn)。
'Hard by yon wood, now smiling as in scorn,
Mutt'ring his wayward fancies he would rove,
Now drooping, woeful wan, like one forlorn,
Or crazed with care, or cross'd in hopeless love.
那邊小樹(shù)林，他常漫游遍，
有時(shí)笑帶諷，奇思成喃喃，
有時(shí)低頭哀，孤寂狀悲慘，
或?yàn)樗紤]狂，或?yàn)槭�戀嘆。
'One morn I miss'd him on the custom'd hill,
Along the heath and near his fav'rite tree;
Another came; nor yet beside the rill,
Nor up the lawn, nor at the wood was he;
清晨慣去山，一溜樹(shù)叢邊，
最愛(ài)大樹(shù)旁，我未將他見(jiàn);
又一清晨到，未在小溪前，
坡上草地?zé)o，也不在林間。
'The next with dirges due in sad array
Slow through the church-way path we saw him borne.
Approach and read the lay
Graved on the stone beneath yon aged thorn:'
翌晨哀樂(lè)響，支支悲痛挽，
遂見(jiàn)抬其棺，經(jīng)過(guò)教堂緩。
那邊老棘下，石上刻題款，
君當(dāng)能識(shí)字，請(qǐng)君上前念：
THE EPITAPH.
墓志銘
Here rests his head upon the lap of Earth
A Youth to Fortune and to Fame unknown.
Fair Science frown'd not on his humble birth,
And Melancholy mark'd him for her own.120
地母膝彎上，青年把頭放，
一生未聚財(cái)，亦未名聲揚(yáng)。
出身誠(chéng)微賤，學(xué)識(shí)未棄放，
憂郁關(guān)注他，引為知己樣。
Large was his bounty, and his soul sincere,
Heav'n did a recompense as largely send:
He gave to Mis'ry all he had, a tear,
He gain'd from Heav'n a friend.
靈魂既真誠(chéng)，心胸且大方，
上天詳體察，亦遣同樣償：
一滴苦眼淚，盡數(shù)付悲傷，
上天賜一友，正為他所望。
No farther seek his merits to disclose,125
Or draw his frailties from their dread abode,
The bosom of his Father and his God.
德操或尚有，缺陷又何妨，
何必深處尋，皆已入大荒，
(到此無(wú)所異，唯愿安息躺，)
天父上帝胸，其中得安詳。