請問這里為何用where
Awrittenformisessentialforthis,sothemorepossibilityofrevivalhasledmanyspeakersofendangeredlanguagestodevelopsystemofwritingwherenoneexistedbefore.這里為何不需要whichdonotexistbefore呢,systemofwriting不是地址啊
A written form is essential for this, so the more possibility of revival has led many speakers of endangered languages to develop system of writing where none existed before.
【翻譯】書寫形式對這一點至關(guān)要緊,因此,文字復(fù)興的可能性愈加大,促進很多瀕臨滅絕的語言的用法者把以前(此種語言文字)從未存在過的語言體制傳承下來。
system of writing 可以看作“廣義的地址”,作為定語從句的先行詞,關(guān)系副詞可以用 where 引導(dǎo)。
通常來講,where引導(dǎo)的定語從句其先行詞為地址。這個問題不要機械地理解,這里說的“地址”包括著:1. 具體的地址,如place, house;2. 抽象的地址,如position, stage;3. 隱性的地址,如news, words, water, something 等。“書寫體系”(system of writing)也可以看作是隱性的地址。如:
1. Pay particular attention to those words where the stress is not on the first syllable. 特別注意那些重音不在第一個音節(jié)上的單詞。
2. He nodded his head instead of saying anything where his voice might betray him. 他一聲不吭,只不過點頭,由于一開口或許會露出破綻。
本句中,anything指說的話,where等于in which,意為“在這類話當(dāng)中”。由于人的“聲音”是存在于“說的話”中,故把這類話視為“地址”,用where 引導(dǎo)定語從句。
3. Bring a small notebook with you everywhere you go, or something where you can set down your ideas. 不管你去什么地方,都隨身攜帶一個小筆記本或者什么東西,你可以(在上面)記下你的想法。
句中的something 等于寫字用的本子或紙張,所以可視為“地址”,后面的定語從句用where引導(dǎo)。
4. Im about to tell you a story where you can find some clue of the mystery. 我要對你說一個故事,從中你可以找到一些奧秘的線索。
千萬不要覺得:定語從句用where引導(dǎo),其先行詞肯定是place之類的名詞!有的不表示地址的名詞,也完全可以用where引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾。比如,從先行詞從“明顯地址”到“模糊地址”。比如:situation, case, point, stage, book, story 等。
舉比如下:
Can you think of a situation where this idiom can be used? 你能想出一個用這個成語的狀況嗎?
I have heard of a case where a soldier riding a bus did not offer his seat to a woman with a baby. 我聽說如此一個狀況,有個士兵坐車,一位婦女抱著娃娃他不讓座。
Noise is coming to the point where we cant put up with it. 噪音快到大家沒辦法忍受的地步。
The mature trader arrives at a stage where most trading actions have become nearly automatic. 成熟的買賣者能達到這個地步,大部分買賣行為幾乎是自動的。
Your face is like a book where people may read strange matters. 你的臉正像一本書,大家可以從那上面讀到奇怪的事情。
story用作定語從句的地址狀語,此時關(guān)系詞用where:
A rags-to-riches story is a story where a very poor person works very hard and, as a result, becomes very rich and successful.
一個白手起家的故事是如此的一個故事,一個非常窮的人工作很努力,因此變得很富有和成功。
I heard one story where a man had been working as a bonded laborer for 50 years.
我聽說過一個故事,一個人干了50年包身工。
Write a short story where the hero is your dad.
寫一篇以你爸爸為主角的小故事。
I read a story where a yong man died to protect his girlfriend. 我讀了一個故事,一個青年以死保護他的女友。
【說明】以上例句中,story后面的定語從句都用了where,由于關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作地址狀語,或者說,在定語從句中不缺主語或賓語等成分,缺的地址狀語。where的意思是:“在這個故事中”。
千萬不要覺得:定語從句用where 引導(dǎo),其先行詞肯定是place 之類的名詞!有的不表示地址的名詞,也完全可以用where 引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾。比如,先行詞從“明顯地址”到“模糊地址”。比如:situation(狀況,情形), case(狀況), point(地步), stage(地步), book(書本), story(故事), trick(把戲), play(戲。, film(電影) 等。舉比如下:
Can you think of a situation where this idiom can be used? 你能想出一個用這個成語的狀況嗎?
I have heard of a case where a soldier riding a bus did not offer his seat to a woman with a baby. 我聽說如此一個狀況,有個士兵坐車,一位婦女抱著娃娃他不讓座。
Noise is coming to the point where we cant put up with it. 噪音快到大家沒辦法忍受的地步。
The mature trader arrives at a stage where most trading actions have become nearly automatic. 成熟的買賣者能達到這個地步,大部分買賣行為幾乎是自動的。
Your face is like a book where people may read strange matters. 你的臉正像一本書,大家可以從那上面讀到奇怪的事情。
This was a film where Spielberg used real actors instead of toys.
在這部電影中,他用了真的的演員,而不是玩具。
下面,我再用story(“故事”)做一剖析。它在用過程中,能否表示“地址”?回答是Yes。大家舉例對比:
【第一組】story用作定語從句的主語或賓語,此時關(guān)系詞用that或which:
He will tell you a story that might make you shiver.
他要給講一個或許會使你不寒而栗的故事。
A story that completely involved me for the rest of the evening.
一個讓我在那天晚上剩下的時間完全沉浸其中的故事。
This is a story that happened in 17th century Europe.
這里要講一個發(fā)生在17世紀(jì)歐洲的故事。
He tried to act out a story that he had read.
他盡力生動地復(fù)述他讀過的故事。
【說明】以上例句中,story后面的定語從句都用了that(which也可),由于關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作主語(前3句)或者在定語從句中作賓語(最后一句)。
【第二組】story用作定語從句的地址狀語,此時關(guān)系詞用where:
A rags-to-riches story is a story where a very poor person works very hard and, as a result, becomes very rich and successful.
一個白手起家的故事是如此的一個故事,一個非常窮的人工作很努力,因此變得很富有和成功。
I heard one story where a man had been working as a bonded laborer for 50 years.
我聽說過一個故事,一個人干了50年包身工。
Write a short story where the hero is your dad.
寫一篇以你爸爸為主角的小故事。
I read a story where a yong man died to protect his girlfriend. 我讀了一個故事,一個青年以死保護他的女友。
【說明】以上例句中,story后面的定語從句都用了where,由于關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作地址狀語,或者說,在定語從句中不缺主語或賓語等成分,缺的地址狀語。where的意思是:“在這個故事中”。
作者:大學(xué)生新聞網(wǎng) 來源:大學(xué)生新聞網(wǎng)
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