將目前分詞放在句首的倒裝句剖析
Covering much of the earths surface is a blanket of water.
上句中, is 是系動(dòng)詞嗎?這是倒裝句嗎?
上句可以倒過(guò)來(lái)講,即 A blanket of water is covering much of the earths surface 嗎?
修改后的句中is covering還是系動(dòng)詞嗎?
Covering much of the earths surface is a blanket of water.
如此的句子結(jié)構(gòu),語(yǔ)法書的講解是這是新聞文體中實(shí)意動(dòng)詞(目前分詞)前置作為句子的主題(theme),是句子主要強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分,然后主語(yǔ)后移至助動(dòng)詞之后的句末地方,作為次要的信息中心。(章振邦《新編高級(jí)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法》)
類似的例句:
Playing in front of the house are Tom and his new friend John.
網(wǎng)友若是新手,回答到此即可結(jié)束了。
以下是與其他老師們的探討。網(wǎng)友可以忽視。
這種講解的首要條件是,句子本身是目前進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。
但,大家將上述句子還原為正常語(yǔ)序:
A blanket of water is covering much of the earth;s surface.
大家就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn),這個(gè)正常語(yǔ)序的句子用目前完成時(shí)是不對(duì)的。這個(gè)句子中的cover是靜態(tài)動(dòng)詞,表示狀況,而不是表示動(dòng)作。狀況的存在應(yīng)該用一般目前時(shí),而不是目前進(jìn)行時(shí)。
A blanket of watercovers much of the earths surface.
水覆蓋地球表面的大多數(shù),這種轉(zhuǎn)態(tài)的結(jié)束是不可預(yù)料的,用目前進(jìn)行時(shí)是沒(méi)任何道理的。因此,顯然建議的網(wǎng)友的這個(gè)句子并不是是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)實(shí)意動(dòng)詞而將目前分詞前置,由于原句中就沒(méi)目前分詞。語(yǔ)法書的這種講解可以用來(lái)講解動(dòng)態(tài)動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),卻沒(méi)辦法講解靜態(tài)動(dòng)詞doing用于句首。后面還有be. 由于靜態(tài)動(dòng)詞不需要進(jìn)行體的。
另外,倒裝分為部分倒裝和完全倒裝。那樣語(yǔ)法書那種講解是哪種倒裝呢?進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)為何可以目前分詞坐落于be之前?其它完全倒裝句有助動(dòng)詞和實(shí)意動(dòng)詞順序顛倒嗎?
所以,我提出另一種講解。
網(wǎng)友的這個(gè)句子并非進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),而是系表結(jié)構(gòu),目前分詞作表語(yǔ)。表語(yǔ)前置,主語(yǔ)后移至系詞be之后,構(gòu)成完全倒裝句。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只有be.
以下為COCA例句,假如改為正常語(yǔ)序,句子就應(yīng)該用一般體,而不是進(jìn)行體。由于surround在這里是靜態(tài)動(dòng)詞,表示長(zhǎng)期的不能預(yù)料結(jié)束的轉(zhuǎn)態(tài)。
Surroundingthe Plaza like a bullring are rows of shops - yes, selling tourist tat - built on two levels, with the Civil Palace on the north side and the National Library on the south next to the main steps.
Surroundingthe huts and the animals was a high fence made of thorny shrubs.
作者:大學(xué)生新聞網(wǎng) 來(lái)源:大學(xué)生新聞網(wǎng)
發(fā)布時(shí)間:2025-01-07 閱讀:
- 將目前分詞放在句首的倒裝句剖析
- Covering much of the earths surface is a blanket of water.
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